Top 10 Must-See Attractions in Vilnius: Expert Travel Guide

1. Vilnius Old Town (UNESCO World Heritage Site)

Vilnius Old Town is one of the largest and most well-preserved medieval old towns in Central and Eastern Europe. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it’s a treasure trove of Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance and Neoclassical architecture. Every cobblestone street leads to charming courtyards, art galleries, boutique shops or historic churches.

What’s special?

The architecture reflects Vilnius’s multicultural past – Poles, Jews, Belarusians, Russians and Lithuanians lived side by side. It’s not just beautiful, it’s a layered story.

Old Town highlights:

• Town Hall Square – great for people watching and local events

• Pilies Street – great for souvenirs, amber jewelry and cafes

• Historical churches – over 40 including St. Anne’s and St. Casimir’s

Travel tip:

Go early in the morning or at dusk for quieter and more atmospheric strolls. And don’t forget your camera – the views are stunning.

2. Gediminas’ Tower & Hill

Overlooking the city, Gediminas’ Tower is one of the city’s most iconic landmarks. Perched on top of Castle Hill, the red brick tower is all that remains of the Upper Castle complex, but its symbolic meaning is huge – it even appears on the Lithuanian currency and coins.

Why it’s a must see:

Gediminas’ Tower has the best views of Vilnius. From here you’ll see the contrast between the historic Old Town and the modern part of the city, all framed by green forests and the Neris River. It’s a visual summary of Lithuania’s heritage and progress.

What to do:

• Take the funicular or hike up the hill

• Visit the small museum inside to learn about Vilnius’ founding and medieval history

• Catch sunset or blue hour for the best photos

Travel tip:

Combine your visit here with a walk through the adjacent Bernardine Gardens or the Palace of the Grand Dukes below – perfect for a cultural afternoon.

3. Vilnius Cathedral & Cathedral Square

In the heart of the city, Vilnius Cathedral is not only the biggest Catholic church in Lithuania—it’s a national symbol of spirituality and culture. Its Neoclassical façade looks like an ancient temple more than a cathedral, which is what you’ll find inside: a space full of history, art and meaning.

Why to visit:

The cathedral dates back to the 13th century, but has been rebuilt many times. Inside you’ll find beautiful chapels, frescoes and the tomb of Saint Casimir, the patron saint of Lithuania. Under the cathedral is a crypt and archaeological site where you can see the foundations of older churches and pagan temples.

Next to the cathedral stands its separate bell tower, one of the oldest and highest in Old Town. You can climb it for unique views of Cathedral Square and beyond.

Don’t miss:

• The “Miracle Tile” in Cathedral Square—spin around three times and make a wish

• Evening lights—both the cathedral and square are beautifully lit up after dark

• National celebrations and concerts in the square

Travel Tip:

Cathedral Square is a central hub—many other things to do in Vilnius are within walking distance from here, including Gediminas’ Tower, Pilies Street and Old Town gates.

4. The Republic of Užupis

Cross the small bridge from Old Town and enter one of the quirkiest districts in Europe—the self-proclaimed Republic of Užupis. Often compared to Montmartre in Paris or Freetown Christiania in Copenhagen, Užupis is a bohemian enclave of artists, poets and free spirits.

Why it’s unique:

In 1997 on April Fool’s Day the residents of Užupis declared their independence. Today the “republic” has its own president, cabinet, anthem and even a constitution, humorously etched on a mirrored wall in over 20 languages. Despite the joke, Užupis reflects deeper themes of artistic freedom, peace and cultural expression.

What to see:

• Užupis Constitution Wall – A playful yet profound set of philosophical “laws”

• Angel of Užupis Statue – Symbol of rebirth and creative spirit

• Art galleries, artisan shops and sculpture gardens throughout the district* Užupis Art Incubator – experimental art and open studios

Travel Tip:

Užupis is best done slowly—walk, browse and stop at a riverside café or gallery. If you visit on April 1st you might even get your passport stamped.

Why it matters:

Užupis is more than a funny stop—it’s the essence of Vilnius attractions: creative, open and independent.

5. Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania

At the foot of Gediminas’ Hill the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania stands regally. A beautifully reconstructed Renaissance-Baroque palace that was once the political and cultural centre of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Today one of the top Vilnius attractions and a deep dive into Lithuania’s royal past.Built in the 15th century and was the residence of Lithuanian rulers until it was demolished in the 19th century. Reopened in 2009 after major reconstruction the new palace is a national heritage museum and an architectural masterpiece blending authenticity with modern presentation.

Why to see:

Built in the 15th century and was the residence of Lithuanian rulers until it was demolished in the 19th century. Reopened in 2009 after major reconstruction the new palace is a national heritage museum and an architectural masterpiece blending authenticity with modern presentation.

What to see inside:

• Archaeological ruins of the original medieval structure

• Lavishly recreated state rooms, royal apartments and ceremonial halls

• Permanent exhibitions on the Lithuanian monarchy, warfare, diplomacy and music

• Temporary art and cultural exhibitions throughout the year

Traveler Tip:

Allow at least 1.5 to 2 hours to see everything. Audio guides are available and guided tours offer more insights into Lithuania’s European influence.

Local Insight:

The palace is linked to the cultural identity of modern Lithuania. Visiting here gives you the context of the country’s history making it more than just a beautiful building – it’s a piece of the puzzle of things to do in Lithuania.

6. Vilnius University & Library

Founded in 1579 Vilnius University is one of the oldest universities in Eastern Europe and a living monument to Lithuania’s educational and intellectual heritage. The main campus is in the Old Town and feels more like a museum than a school – with ornate courtyards, Baroque halls and one of the most beautiful libraries in the Baltics.

Why worth your time:

This is not just a place of learning – it’s a work of art and culture. Over centuries it has been a hub for scholars, writers and revolutionaries shaping Lithuania’s national identity. Today it’s an active university and welcomes travelers to explore its historic buildings.

What to see:

• The Grand Courtyard – Surrounded by 16 buildings from different eras, Gothic to Neoclassical styles

• St. John’s Church & Bell Tower – Climb for views of Vilnius Old Town

• Vilnius University Library – The reading room and book collection is a hidden treasure

• Interior frescoes by Petras Repsys, depicting Lithuania’s mythology and culture

Traveler Tip:

You can book a guided tour or go independently – just check the hours especially during exam periods. If you’re on a Vilnius tour this is usually one of the stops.

Why to see:

For history buffs, literature lovers or simply architecture enthusiasts Vilnius University is one of the best things to do in Vilnius and a peaceful escape from the city chaos.

7. St. Anne’s Church & Bernardine Complex

St. Anne’s Church is one of the most beautiful landmarks in Vilnius. With its red-brick Gothic façade and towers, this 15th-century gem is the most photographed building in Lithuania. Napoleon was so impressed by it during his 1812 campaign that he wanted to put it in the palm of his hand.

Why it’s special:
The church is a masterpiece of Flamboyant Gothic architecture, made of 33 different types of red brick. Despite its ornateness, it has remained almost unchanged for over 500 years – a proof of perfect design.

Next door, the Bernardine Church and Monastery Complex adds more to it. Here you can see Renaissance and Baroque interiors, sacred art and peaceful cloisters where a small Franciscan community still lives.

What to see:

• Anne’s exterior and interior

• Bernardine Church’s wooden altars and frescoes

• A quiet courtyard often missed by tourists

• Occasional concerts and classical music events in the complex

Traveler Tip:
Take a few minutes to walk behind the church to the Vilnia River path, which offers nice views and leads to Užupis. It’s a great photo spot and a short detour worth your time.

Why it belongs on your list:
This architectural duo is not just beautiful – it’s the soul of the city. If you’re deciding what to do in Vilnius that combines history with amazing design, this stop delivers.

8. Museum of Occupations and Freedom Fights (KGB Museum)

For a sobering but essential look into Lithuania’s 20th century history the Museum of Occupations and Freedom Fights – also known as KGB Museum – is a must see.

Why it’s significant:

Located in the former KGB headquarters, this building was once the home of Soviet security services, interrogation rooms and prison cells. Today it’s a memorial to the victims of Soviet and Nazi occupations and a detailed chronicle of Lithuania’s struggle for independence.

What to expect:

• Original prison cells in the basement, exactly as they were during Soviet times

• Execution chamber and interrogation rooms – creepy but necessary to see

• Exhibits on Lithuanian resistance, deportations to Siberia and Cold War

• Stories of ordinary people who risked or lost their lives for freedom

Traveler Tip:

Allow 1.5-2 hours for your visit. While the content is heavy, it’s well presented with English translations throughout. One of the top things to do in Lithuania for those who want to understand the country.

Why it matters:

This museum isn’t just about Lithuania’s past – it’s about its spirit. For professionals and cultural travelers, it’s a reminder of the value of freedom and the price of it.

9: Three Crosses Hill

Above the city’s skyline, Three Crosses Hill offers the best views of Vilnius and a powerful symbol of Lithuania’s spiritual and national resilience. The white crosses on top are a monument to past martyrs, but today they attract locals and visitors looking for inspiration, reflection and views.

Background:

Legend says 7 Franciscan monks were martyred here in the 14th century. Wooden crosses were erected in their honor and the current concrete ones – rebuilt in 1989 after being destroyed during the Soviet era – now stand as a restored symbol of national identity and freedom.

Why to climb:

• Panoramic views of Old Town, Neris River and Vilnius’ mix of rooftops, towers and forests

• Peaceful green space for walking, photography or a moment of quiet

• Part of Kalnai Park so you can combine with other nature trails and lookouts nearby

Travel Tip:

Wear comfortable shoes – it’s a moderate but steady uphill walk through the woods. Go early morning or around sunset for cooler weather and better light.

Why to include:

Whether you’re looking for natural beauty, history or a break from the city noise, Three Crosses Hill is a top pick on any Vilnius to do list.

10. MO Museum (Modern Art & Culture)

To round up your Vilnius experience, visit the MO Museum for a change of pace from the historical sites. Opened in 2018, this modern art museum – designed by Daniel Libeskind – is a hub of contemporary Lithuanian art and culture.

Why to visit:

The MO Museum showcases post-1950s Lithuanian art across various media – photography, sculpture, film, multimedia. Rotating exhibitions cover national identity, social change, modern aesthetics and experimental ideas.

What to see:

• Rotating exhibitions of established and emerging Lithuanian artists

• Art installations and film screenings on post-Soviet transformation

• The spiral staircase and glass façade is a work of art itself

• The museum café and shop – for unique books, design items and gifts

Travel Tip:

Not a modern art fan? The museum’s layout and curation makes it enjoyable for everyone. And it’s a great rainy day option.

Why to include:

For professionals and culture lovers looking for things to do in Lithuania, MO Museum is where you link the past with the present and see the future of Lithuanian art.